PAPER I
Teaching Aptitude
Teaching: Concept, Objectives, Levels of teaching (Memory, Understanding and Reflective), Characteristics and basic requirements.
Learner's characteristics: Characteristics of adolescent and adult learners(Academic, Social, Emotional and Cognitive), Individual differences.
Factors affecting teaching related to: Teacher, Learner, Support material,Instructional facilities, Learning environment and Institution.
Methods of teaching in Institutions of higher learning: Teacher centred vs.Learner centred methods; Off-line vs. On-line methods (Swayam,Swayamprabha, MOOCs etc.).
Teaching Support System: Traditional, Modern and ICT based.
Evaluation Systems: Elements and Types of evaluation, Evaluation in Choice Based Credit System in Higher education, Computer based testing, Innovations in evaluation systems.
Research Aptitude
Research: Meaning, Types, and Characteristics, Positivism and Post- positivistic approach to research.
Methods of Research: Experimental, Descriptive, Historical, Qualitative and Quantitative methods.
Steps of Research.
Thesis and Article writing: Format and styles of referencing.
Application of ICT in research.
Research ethics.
Comprehension
A passage of text be given. Questions be asked from the passage to be answered.
Communication
Communication: Meaning, types and characteristics of communication.
Effective communication: Verbal and Non-verbal, Inter-Cultural and group communications, Classroom communication.
Barriers to effective communication.
Mass-Media and Society.
Mathematical Reasoning and Aptitude
Types of reasoning.
Number series, Letter series, Codes and Relationships.
Mathematical Aptitude (Fraction, Time & Distance, Ratio, Proportion and Percentage, Profit and Loss, Interest and Discounting, Averages etc.).
Data Interpretation
Sources, acquisition and classification of Data.
Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
Graphical representation (Bar-chart, Histograms, Pie-chart, Table-chart and Line-chart) and mapping of Data.
Data Interpretation.
Data and Governance.
Logical Reasoning
Understanding the structure of arguments: argument forms, structure of categorical propositions, Mood and Figure, Formal and Informal fallacies, Uses of language, Connotations and denotations of terms, Classical square of opposition.
Evaluating and distinguishing deductive and inductive reasoning.
Analogies.
Venn diagram: Simple and multiple use for establishing validity of arguments.
Indian Logic: Means of knowledge.
Pramanas: Pratyaksha (Perception), Anumana (Inference), Upamana (Comparison), Shabda (Verbal testimony), Arthapatti (Implication) and Anupalabddhi (Non-apprehension).
Structure and kinds of Anumana (inference), Vyapti (invariable relation), Hetvabhasas (fallacies of inference).
Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
ICT: General abbreviations and terminology.
Basics of Internet, Intranet, E-mail, Audio and Video-conferencing.
Digital initiatives in higher education.
ICT and Governance.
Higher Education System
Institutions of higher learning and education in ancient India.
Evolution of higher learning and research in Post Independence India.
Oriental, Conventional and Non-conventional learning programmes in India.
Professional, Technical and Skill Based education.
Value education and environmental education.
Policies, Governance, and Administration.
People, Development and Environment
Development and environment: Millennium development and Sustainable development goals.
Human and environment interaction: Anthropogenic activities and their impacts on environment.
Environmental issues: Local, Regional and Global; Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Waste (solid, liquid, biomedical, hazardous, electronic), Climate change and its Socio-Economic and Political dimensions.
Impacts of pollutants on human health.
Natural and energy resources: Solar, Wind, Soil, Hydro, Geothermal, Biomass, Nuclear and Forests.
Natural hazards and disasters: Mitigation strategies.
Environmental Protection Act (1986), National Action Plan on Climate Change, International agreements/efforts -Montreal Protocol, Rio Summit, Convention on Biodiversity, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, International Solar Alliance.
PAPER II
Structure and Bonding
Atomic orbitals, electronic configuration of atoms (L-S coupling) and the periodic properties of elements, ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, concept of hybridization
Molecular orbitals and electronic configuration of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules
Shapes of polyatomic molecules
VSEPR theory
Symmetry elements and point groups for simple molecules
Bond lengths, bond angles, bond order and bond energies
Resonance
Types of chemical bond (weak and strong)
Intermolecular forces
Types of solids, lattice energy.
Acids and Bases
Bronsted and Lewis acids and bases
pH and pKa, acid-base concept in non-aqueous media, SHAB concept, Buffer solutions.
Redox Reactions
Oxidation numbers, Redox potentials, Electrochemical series, Redox indicators.
Introductory Energetics and Dynamics of Chemical Reactions
Law of conservation of energy
Energy and enthalpy of reactions
Entropy, free energy, relationship between free energy change and equilibrium
Rates of chemical reactions (first-and second-order reactions)
Arrhenius equation and Concept of transition state
Mechanisms, including SN1 and SN2 reactions, electron transfer reactions, catalysis Colligative properties of solutions.
Aspects of s, p, d, f Block Elements
General characteristics of each block
Chemical principles involved in extraction and purification of common metals
Coordination chemistry, Structural aspects, isomerism, octahedral and tetrahedral crystal-field spliting of d-orbitals
CFSE, magnetism and colour of transition metal ions
Sandwich compounds metal carbonyls and metal clusters
Rare gas compounds, non-stoichiometric oxides
Radioactivity and transmutation of elements.
IUPAC Nomenclature of Simple Organic and Inorganic Compounds.
Concept of Chirality
Recognition of symmetry elements and chiral structures, R-S nomenclature, diastereoisomerism in acyclic and cyclic-systems, E-Z isomerism
Conformational analysis of simple cyclic (chair and boat cyclohexanes) and acyclic systems, Interconverison of Fischer, Newman and Sawhorse projections.
Common Organic Reactions and Mechanisms
Reactive intermediates
Formation and stability of carbonium ions, carbenes, nitrenes, radicals and arynes
Nucleophilic, electrophilic, radical substitution, addition and elimination reactions
Familiar name reactions : Aldol, Perkin, Stobbe, Dieckmann condensations ; Hofmann, Schmidt, Lossen, Curtius, Beckmann and Fries rearrangements, Reimer-Tiemann, Reformatsky and Grignard reactions
Diels-Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement, Friedel-Crafts reaction, Witting reaction
Routine functional group transformations and inter-convertions of simple functionalities
Hydroboration, Oppenauer oxidation, Clemmensen, Wolf-Kishner, Meerwein-Ponndorf Verley and Birch reductions.
Elementary principles and applications of electronic, vibrational, NMR, EPR, Mossbauer and mass spectral techniques to simple structural problems.
Data Analysis
Types of erros, propogation of errors, accuracy and precision, least-square analysis, average standard diviation.
PAPER III
1.
Quantum Chemistry, Planck’s quantum theory, wave-particle duality, Uncertainty Principle,
operators and commutation relations, postulates of quantum mechanics and Schrodinger
equation, free particle, pastick in a box, degeneracy, harmonic oscillator, rigid rotator and the
hydrogen atom
Angular momentum including spin coupling of angular momenta including
spin-orbit coupling.
The variation method and pertubation theory
Application to the helium, atom, antisymmetry and Exclusion Principle, Slater determinantal wave functions
Term symobols and spectroscopic states.
Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Hydrogen molecule ion
LCAO-MO and VB treatments of the hydrogen molecule, electron density, forces and their role in chemical binding
Hybridisation and valence MO, of H2O, NH3 and CH4
Huckel pi-electron theory and its applications to ethylene, butadiene and benzene, idea of self-consistent fields.
Group theoretical representations and quantum mechanics
Vanishing of intergrals, spectroscopic selection rules for vibrational, electronic, vibronic and Raman spectroscopy
treatment of large molecules with symmetry.
Spectroscopy
Theoretical treatment of rotational, vibrational and electronic spectroscopy
Principles of magnetic resonance, Mossbauer and Photoelectron spectroscopy.
Thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics, relation between Cp and Cv ; enthalpies of
physical and chemical changes, temperature depednence of enthaplies
Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, Gibs-Helmholtz equation
Third law of thermodynamics and calculation of entropy.
Chemical Equilibrium
Free energy and entropy of mixing, partial molar quantities, Gibbs-Duhem equation
Equilibrium constant, temperature dependence of equilibrium constant, phase diagram of one and two-component systems, phase rule.
Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
Excess functions, activities, concept of hydration number, activities in electrolytic solutions, mean ionic activity coefficient
Debye-Huckel treatment of dilute electrolyte solutions.
Equilibria in Electrochemical Cells
Cell reactions
Nernst equation
application of cell EMF measurements.
Surface Phenomena
Surface tension, adsorption on solids, electrical phenomena at interfaces
including electrokinetic micelles and reverse micelles; solutions
Applications of photoelectron spectroscopy, ESCA and Auger spectroscopy to the study of surfaces.
Statistical Thermodynamic probability and entropy
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of
velocities, average, most probable and root-mean-square velocities
Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics
Partition function, rotational, translational, vibrational and
electronic partition functions for diatomic molecules, calculations of thermodynamic functions
and equilibrium constants
Theories of specific heat for solids.
Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics
Postulates and methodologies
linear laws
Gibbs equation
Onsager reciprocal theory.
Reaction Kinetics
Methods of determining rate laws, Mechanisms of photo-chemical,
chain and oscillatory reactions
Collision theory of reaction rates, steric factor, treatment of
unimolecular reactions
Theory of absolute reaction rates, comparison of result with Eyring
and Arrhenius equations, ionic reactions, salt effect
Homogeneous catalysis and Michaelis-Menten Kinetics; heterogeneous catalysis.
Fast Reactions
Study of kinetics by stop-flow technique
relaxation method
flash photolysis and magnetic resonance method.
Macromolecules
Number-average and weight-average molecular weights
Determination of molecular weights
Kinetics of polymerisation
Stereochemistry and mechanism of polymerisation.
Solids
Dislocations in solids, Schottky and Frenkel defects
Electrical properties
Insulators and semiconductors, band theory of solids, solid-state reactions.
Nuclear Chemistry
Radioactive decay and equilibrium
Nuclear reactions, Q value, cross- sections, types of reactions
Chemical effects of nuclear transformations, fission and fusion,
fission products and fission yields
Radioactive techniques, tracer techniques, neutron activation
analysis, counting techniques such as G.M., ionization and proportional counters.
Chemistry of Non-transition Elements
General discussion on the properties of the non-transition elements, special features of individual elements, synthesis, properties and structure
of their halides and oxides, polymorphism of carbon, phosphorus and sulphur
Synthesis, properties and structure of boranes, carboranes, borazines, silicates, carbides, silicones,
phosphazenes, sulphur, oxyacids of nitrogen, phophorus, sulphur and halogens
Interhalogens, pseudohalides and noble gas compounds.
Chemistry of Transition Elements
Coordination chemistry of transition metalions
Stability constants of complexes and their determination, stabilization of unusual oxidation states
Stereochemistry of coordination compounds
Ligand field theory, spliting of d-orbitals in low symmetry environments
Jahn-Teller effect, interpretation of electronic spectra including charge transfer spectra, spectrochemical series, nephelauxetic series
Dia-para-ferro and antiferromagentism, quenching of orbital angular moments, spin orbit coupling
Inorganic reaction mechanisms, substitution reactions, trans-effect and electron transfer reactions,
photochemical reactions of chromium and ruthenium complexes
Fluxional molecules
Iso and heteropolyacids, metal clusters
Spin crossover in coordination compounds.
Chemistry of Lanthanides and Acitindes
Spectral and magnetic properties
use of lanthanide compounds as shift reagents.
Organometallic Chemistry of Transition Elements
Synthesis, structure and bonding
organometallic reagents in organic synthesis and in homogeneous catalytic reactions
(hydrogenation, hydroformylationn, isomerisation and polymerisation)
pi-metal complexes
activation of small molecules by coordination.
Topics in Analytical Chemistry
Adsorption, partition, exclusion, electrochromatography
Solvent extraction and ion exchange methods
Application of atomic and molecular absorption and emmision spectroscopy in quantitative analysis
Light scattering techniques including
nephelometry and Raman spec roscopy
Electroanalytical techniques, voltametry, cyclic voltametry, polarography, amperometry, coulometry and conductometry
Ion-selective electrodes
Anodic stripping voltametry, TGA, DTA, DSC and on-line analysers.
Bioiorganic Chemistry
Molecular mechanism of ion transport across membranes, ionophores
Photosynthesis-PS-I, PS-II, nitrogen fixation, oxygen uptake proteins, cytochromes and ferrodoxions.
Aromaticity
Huckel’s rule and concept of aromaticity : annulenes and heteroannulenes, fullerenes.
Stereochemistry and Conformational Analysis
Newer methods of assymetric synthesis
(including enzymatic and catalytic nexus), enantio-and diastereo selective synthesis
Effects of conformation on reactivity in acylic compounds and cyclohexanes.
Selective Organic Name Reactions
Favorskii reaction
Strok enamine reaction
Michael addition
Mannich reaction
Sharpless asymmetric expoxidation
ene reaction
Barton reaction
Hofmann Loffler-Freytag reaction
Shapiro reaction
Baeyer-Villiger reaction
Chichibabin reaction.
Mechanisms of Organic Reactions
Labelling and kinetic isotope effects
Hamett equation
σ–δ (sigma-rho) relationship
non-classical carbonium ions
neighbouring group participation.
Pericyclic Reactions
Selection rules and stereochemistry of electrocyclic reactions
cycloaddition and sigmatrophic shifts
Sommelet-Hauser
Cope and Claisen rearrangements.
Heterocycles
Synthesis and reactivity of furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, quinoline,
isoquinoline and indole
Skraup synthesis, Fischer indole synthesis.
Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Use of following reagents in organic synthesis and fuctinal
group transformations-Complex metal hydride
Gilman's reagent, lithium, dimethylcuprate,
lithim, disopropylamide (LDA) dicyclohexylcarbodimide, 1, 3-dithiane (reactivity umpolung)
Trimethy, silyl iodide, tri-n-butyltin hydride, Woodward and Prevost hydroxylation, osmium
tetraoxide, DDQ, selenium dioxide, phase transfer catalysts, crown ethers and Merrifield resin
Peterson’s synthesis, Wilkinson’s catalyst, Baker’s yeast.
Chemistry of Natural Products
Familiarity with methods of structure elucidation and
biosynthesis of alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, carbohydrates and proteins, Conformations
of proteins and nucleic acids.
Bioorganic Chemistry
Elementary structure and function of biopolymers such as proteins
and nucleic acids, Genetic code, Mechanism of enzyme action.
Photochemistry
Principles of energy transfer
cis-trans isomerization
Paterno-Buchi reaction
Norrish Type I and II reactions
photoreduction of ketones
di-pi-methane rearrangement
photochemistry of arenes.
Spectroscopy
Combined applications of mass, UV-VIS, IR and NMR spectroscopy for
structural elucidation of compounds.
