1

Algae in diversified habitats (Terrestrial, fresh water, marine)

Thallus organization, Cell structure and reproduction in different classes/groups

criteria in classification of Algae

Economic Importance of Algae

2

General characteristic in different classes/groups of fungi

cell ultra structure

ell wall composition

reproduction

heterothallism

para sexuality

recent trends in classification

economic importance of fungi

mycorrhizae and lichens.

3

Archaebacteria

eubacteria and cyanobacteria

ultra-structure and reproduction

Prions

L-Forms

Virioids

characteristics and ultra structure of virions

Mycoplasma

Spiroplasma and Phytoplasma - General characters and role in causing plant diseases

microbiology of water

air and soil.

4

General account of diseases caused by plant pathogens

molecular basis of host parasite interaction

pathogen attack and defense mechanism

diseases of important field crops of Rajasthan (red rot of sugar cane, rust of wheat, covered smut of wheat, loose smut of wheat, green ear disease of bajra, leaf spot and smut of jowar, ergot and smut of bajra, root knot and rot diseases of vegetables)

diseases control and the role of information technology.

5

General characters

structure

reproduction

evolution and interrelationships in Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

Evolution of Stele

heterospory and seed habit

principles of palaeobotany.

6

Taxonomic hierarchy

principles of nomenclature

taxonomic tools

important systems of classification (Bentham and Hooker, Engler and Prantl, Hutchinson and Takhtajan)

Role of morphology

anatomy

embryology

palynology

cytology

phytochemistry

genome analysis and nucleic acid hybridization in taxonomy

taxonomy of some selected families of Rajasthan (Leguminoceae Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadeceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Poaceae)

phylogeny of angiosperms.

7

General concept of plant morphology - origin and evolution of flower

primitive living angiosperms

foliar stamens

open carpels

organization of root and shoot apical meristems.

8

Development of male and female gametophytes

pollination

pollen pistil interaction, fertilization

endosperm development and embryogenesis

seed development and fruit formation

polyembryony apomixis

embryo culture

biochemistry and molecular biology of fruit maturation.

9

Basic concepts of ecology

ecological factors affecting plant growth

Principles of limiting factors

Population characteristics

population interaction

r and K selection

Genecology and range extensions

community characteristics

community classification

continuum concept

ecological niche

plant succession in various habitats

concept of climax

Structure and function of ecosystem

energy flow and biogeochemical cycles (N,P,C,S)

primary production

plant indicators

major biomes of the world

Phytogeographical regions of India

vegetation of Rajashan

Ecosystem services.

10

Environmental pollution- air, water, noise and soil, Green house effect, Ozone layer depletion, Acid rain

Concept of biodiversity with special reference to India, Hot spots, strategies for conservation of flora and fauna, Bio monitoring, Environmental Impact Assessment.

11

Plant civilization

centers of origin

gene diversity

utilization

cultivation and improvement of plants of food (rice, wheat, bajra, pulses, green gram, moth and beans) Oil seeds (mustard, soybean and ground nut), drugs (Rauvolfia, Ephedra, Papaver, Atropa, Cinchona and Withania), Fibre - Cotton, jute & coir and plants of industrial value - Tobacco, sugarcane, tea and coffee

Ethnobotany

underexploited plants of potential medicinal and food value with special reference to Rajasthan.

12

Light and Electron microscopy (TEM & SEM)

Confocal Electron microscopy

phase contrast

fixation and staining

HPLC

electrophoresis

ELISA

Spectrophotometry

Centrifugation.

1

Plant-water relation

membrane transport and translocation of water and solutes.

2

Enzymes - Classification, mechanism of action, role in metabolism, enzyme, kinetics, regulation of enzyme activity, active sites, coenzymes, Activators and inhibitors, isozymes.

3

Photosynthesis - Pigments, photophosphorylation, Mechanism of photosynthesis, photorespiration, photosynthesis in C4 plants, CAM.

4

Nitrogen metabolism - amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis

Fatty acid metabolism

Signal transduction: overview receptors and Gproteins, specific signaling mechanism in bacteria and proteins.

5

Respiration - Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Oxidative phosphorylation, Glycogen breakdown, inter conversion of hexoses and pentoses.

6

Seed dormancy and germination, hormonal regulation of growth and development

Physiological effects and mechanism of action of auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid and jasmonic acid, plant rythms and biological clock, secondary metabolites, plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses

Physiology of flowering- Photoperiodism and Vernalization.

7

Ultra structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell membrane structure and function,

cell organelles- structure and functions

Nucleus -structure, nuclear pores

DNA Structure - A,B and Z forms, replication, damage and repair, transcription, splicing and nucleolus, cells cycle, structure of chromatin and its organization, specialized types of chromosomes, banding patterns, chromosomal aberration and polyploidy.

8

Genetics of eukaryote and prokaryote organelles

mapping of bacteriophage genome

genetic transformation

conjugation and transduction in bacteria

genetics of mitochondria and cytoplasmic male sterility.

9

Techniques in cell biology-in situ hybridization FISH, GISH, genetic code, transcription and translation, operon model, RNA polymerase

Genetic mapping : Independent assortment and crossing over, molecular mechanism of recombination, chromosome mapping, linkage groups

Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutation and their role in evolution, principles of plant breeding important conventional methods of self and cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated crops, mutation breeding.

10

Basic concepts, principles and scope of Biotechnology

plant cell and tissue culture

concept of totipotency

micropropagation by organogenesis and adventitious shoot bud differentiation

axillary bud proliferation and embryogenesis

somatic hybridization - protoplast isolation, fusion and culture

artificial seeds

production of hybrids and somaclones

hybrids

production of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds.

11

Recombination DNA Technology : Restriction enzymes, reverse transcriptase

Gene cloning, principles and techniques, construction of genomic/s

DNA libraries, DNA synthesis and sequencing, polymerase chain reaction, DNA finger printing

Genetic engineering of plants : Aims, strategies for development of transgenics, Agrobacterium and microinjection mediated gene transfer in plants, intellectual property rights and possible ecological risks and ethical concerns, microbial genetic manipulation

Structural and functional genomics, microarray, genome sequencing projects (with special reference to rice, wheat, chick pea and tomato) and proteomics.

12

Principles and practices of statistical methods in biological research, samples and population, Data collection and processing, Basic statistics (averages, statistics of dispersion, coefficient of variation, standard error and deviation)

confidence limits, probability, Distribution (Binomial, Poisson and Normal) Tests of statistical significance, simple correlation and regression, Analysis of variance.