Essential Molecules of Life
The foundations of biochemistry
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Amino acids
Nucleic acids
Vitamins.
Proteins and Enzymes
Introduction to peptides and proteins
Extraction of proteins for downstream processing
Separation techniques
Characterization of proteins
Covalent structure and 3D-structures of proteins
Protein folding and conformational diseases
Introduction to protein structure databases
Myoglobin and haemoglobin
Specialized
proteins-antibodies
actin-myosin motors and membrane proteins
Fundamentals of enzymes
Features of enzyme catalysis
Enzyme kinetics
Bisubstrate reactions
Enzyme inhibition
Mechanism of action of enzymes
Regulation of enzyme activity
Involvement of coenzymes in enzyme catalysed reactions
Applications of enzymes
Relation to diseases
therapy and diagnosis.
Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Amino Acids and Nucleotides
Basic design of metabolism
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis and pentose phosphate pathway
Glycogen metabolism
Citric acid cycle
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Fatty acid oxidation
Fatty acid synthesis
Biosynthesis of eicosanoids
cholesterol
steroids and isoprenoids
Biosynthesis of membrane lipids
Overview of amino acid metabolism
Catabolism of amino acids
Biosynthesis of amino acids
Precursor functions of amino acids
Biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Deoxyribonucleotides and synthesis of nucleotide triphosphate
Degradation of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides
Integration of metabolism
Metabolic disorders and diseases.
Cell Biology, Membrane Biology and Bioenergetics
Introduction to cell biology
Tools of cell biology
Structure of different cell organelles
Protein trafficking
Cytoskeletal proteins
Cell wall and extracellular matrix
Cell cycle
cell death and cell renewal
Introduction to biomembranes
Membrane structures
Membrane dynamics
Membrane transport
Vesicular transport and membrane fusion
Introduction to bioenergetics
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photophosphorylation
Features of membrane proteins.
Human Physiology and Hormones
Homeostasis and the organization of body fluid compartments
Cardiovascular physiology
Respiration
Renal physiology
Gastrointestinal and hepatic physiology
Musculosketetal system
Reproductive physiology
Neurochemistry and neurophysiology
Introduction to endocrinology
Hormone mediated signaling
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones
Thyroid hormone
Hormones regulating Ca2+ homeostasis
Pancreatic and GI tract hormones
Hormones of adrenals
Reproductive hormones
Growth factors.
Gene Organization, Replication, DNA Repair, Transcription and Gene expression
Structure of DNA
Genes and genomic organization
Replication of DNA
Recombination and transposition of DNA
Molecular basis of mutations
Various modes of DNA repair
Biosynthesis of RNA in prokaryotes
Biosynthesis of RNA in eukaryotes
RNA splicing
The genetic code
Biosynthesis of proteins
Protein targeting and degradation
Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes
Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.
Concepts in Genetics
Introduction to model organisms and Mendelism
Applications of Mendel's principles & chromosomal basis of heredity
Genetic definition of a gene
Genetics of bacteria and viruses
Linkage
crossing over and mapping techniques
Human pedigree analysis
The genetic control of development and sex determination
Organelle heredity and epigenetics
Chromosomal aberrations
Inheritance of complex traits & population genetics
Evolutionary genetics
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
Introduction to recombinant DNA technology
Cloning vectors for prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Joining of DNA fragments
Introduction of DNA into cells and selection for recombinants
Methods for clone identification
Polymerase chain reaction
DNA sequencing
Expression of cloned genes
Applications of genetic engineering in Biotechnology
Immunology
Cells and organs of the immune system
Innate immunity and leukocyte extravasation
Immunogens and antigens
Antibody structure and function
Generation of receptor diversity
Biology of the B lymphocyte
Complement system
MHC complex and antigen presentation
Biology of the T lymphocyte
Cell mediated cytotoxic responses
Tolerance
autoimmunity and hypersensitivity
Transplantation immunology and vaccines
Antibodies in diagnostics and therapy.
