Concept of layering: OSI and TCP/IP Protocol Stacks
Basics of packet, circuit and virtual circuit switching
Data link layer: framing, error detection, Medium Access Control, Ethernet bridging
Routing protocols: shortest path, flooding, distance vector and link state routing
Fragmentation and IP addressing, IPv4, CIDR notation
Basics of IP support protocols (ARP, DHCP, ICMP)
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Transport layer: flow control and congestion control, UDP, TCP, sockets
Application layer protocols: DNS, SMTP, HTTP, FTP, Email.